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Turn a research question into evidence-grounded literature reviews.

Search academic literature, extract evidence, check citations, and generate a structured research paper.

Structured literature synthesis, from query to paper.

Inspect real research runs with PRISMA study flow, evidence extraction, and drafted review sections.

Input research question

"What techniques reduce hallucinations in large language models?"

143 discovered
87 screened
31 included

Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Language Models: A Systematic Literature Review

CiteProof Synthesis • 31 Included Studies • Indexed via Crossref, PubMed, OpenAlex, arXiv

Abstract: Hallucination remains a critical bottleneck in deploying large language models for high-stakes decision making. This systematic literature review synthesizes empirical studies spanning retrieval-augmented generation, fine-grained verification, decoding-time constraints, and chain-of-thought grounding.
Draft excerpt:

Recent empirical analyses categorize model unfaithfulness into intrinsic contradictions and extrinsic fabrications. Retrieval-augmented architectures significantly reduce factual errors by grounding generation on indexed document corpora...

Key citations
  • Ji, Z. et al. (2023). Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation.
  • Lewis, P. et al. (2020). Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks.
1. Identification
143 Records Discovered
OpenAlex (52) · Crossref (38) · PubMed (25) · arXiv (28)
Deduplication
56 Excluded
Identical DOIs & normalized title matches
2. Screening
87 Records Screened
Abstract relevance scored against research scope
Irrelevant
56 Excluded
Score below relevance threshold against criteria
3. Included Corpus
31 Studies Included
Full text resolved for final synthesis & matrix
Study & Year Focus Methodology Key Empirical Finding Evidence Level
Ji et al. (2023) Taxonomy & Evaluation Comprehensive Survey Establishes intrinsic vs. extrinsic hallucination categorization. High (Foundational)
Lewis et al. (2020) Retrieval Grounding RAG Architecture Dense retrieval conditioning cuts factual hallucinations by ~68%. High (Pivotal)

Works inside Claude Science

CiteProof also ships as a local MCP server. Your AI agent does the thinking; CiteProof keeps the record straight.

  • Stores every review decision in a per-review local database
  • Counts PRISMA numbers and checks that they add up
  • Checks quotes against the source text you supply
  • Records screening decisions and computes reviewer agreement (Cohen's kappa)
  • Finds duplicate records and clusters them
  • Checks DOIs and flags retractions through Crossref
  • Exports an audit bundle you can keep with the review

The server contains no language model. The agent makes every judgement; CiteProof stores it and checks it where it can.

YOUR COMPUTER Claude Science or any MCP client LANGUAGE MODEL LIVES HERE THE AGENT Searches and reads papers Makes every judgement Sends the quote and its source text tools/call · stdio · JSON-RPC 2.0 citeproof-mcp local server · stdio · Python 3.12+ No language model 24 TOOLS IN 7 GROUPS Set up · 4 Searches · 3 Screening · 4 PRISMA · 3 Evidence · 6 Citations · 3 Export · 1 DETERMINISTIC CHECKS Quote found in source Numbers come from quote PRISMA counts add up Cohen's kappa Duplicate clusters RoB 2, ROBINS-I, NOS Review database SQLite, WAL mode one file per review Audit bundle export_bundle whole trail, one document PRISMA outputs prisma_flow_diagram prisma_checklist $CITEPROOF_MCP_HOME THE INTERNET Crossref and doi.org DOI and retraction lookups verify_dois · HTTPS YOUR COMPUTER Claude Science or any MCP client THE AGENT Searches and reads papers Makes every judgement Sends the quote and its source text LANGUAGE MODEL LIVES HERE tools/call stdio · JSON-RPC 2.0 citeproof-mcp local server · stdio · Python 3.12+ 24 TOOLS IN 7 GROUPS Set up · 4 Searches · 3 Screening · 4 PRISMA · 3 Evidence · 6 Citations · 3 Export · 1 No language model DETERMINISTIC CHECKS Quote found in source Numbers come from quote PRISMA counts add up Cohen's kappa Duplicate clusters RoB 2, ROBINS-I, NOS Review database SQLite, WAL mode · one file per review Audit bundle export_bundle · one document PRISMA outputs prisma_flow_diagram · prisma_checklist $CITEPROOF_MCP_HOME THE INTERNET Crossref and doi.org DOI and retraction lookups verify_dois · HTTPS only

Works with Claude Science and other MCP clients. Claude is a trademark of Anthropic; CiteProof is not affiliated with Anthropic.

How it works

A structured four-stage research workflow built for reproducible, citation-grounded literature synthesis.

01

Search

Query multiple academic indexes—including OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, and arXiv—simultaneously from a single research question.

02

Screen with PRISMA counts

Deduplicate papers by DOI and normalized title, then score abstracts against research criteria on a 0–10 relevance scale while tracking identification, deduplication, screening, and inclusion numbers.

03

Extract evidence

Extract key findings, methodologies, domain frameworks, and research gaps from the screened corpus into a structured evidence table.

04

Write and check citations

Draft structured review sections with claims evaluated against source text by a model, and unresolved or retracted citations flagged before export.

Evidence and citation checks

Honest validation at every step. Model judgements are backed by extracted source passages.

DOI and retraction check

Resolves identifiers against Crossref and DataCite to confirm paper records exist, identify duplicates, and flag retracted literature before synthesis.

Claim-support check by a model

Every generated claim is checked by a model against retrieved full-text evidence. Unsupported statements are flagged or rewritten before assembly.

Evidence table

Assembles a structured matrix tabulating study authors, methodology, empirical findings, and evidence levels for transparent auditability.

Prose lint

Scans draft sections for ungrounded generalizations, vague quantifiers and process narration before assembling the final document.

Two ways to research

Choose between fast cited web synthesis and comprehensive academic literature reviews.

DeepSearch

Fast web research & cited synthesis

  • Runtime ~5–10 minutes
  • Agents 5 parallel search agents
  • Sources Tavily Web Search (News, Finance, Academic)
  • Checkpoints 1 (Plan approval & revisions)
  • Output Cited Markdown report with web sources

AI does the heavy research. You make the decisions.

CiteProof pauses at three strategic checkpoints so you can guide the direction. The system never commits to downstream synthesis without your explicit approval.

Checkpoint 1 · Scope & Keywords

Approve the research problem statement and search query terms before querying databases.

Checkpoint 2 · Literature & Framework

Inspect synthesized findings, identified research gaps, and screened evidence papers.

Checkpoint 3 · Theoretical Hypotheses

Validate proposed hypotheses before methodology, analysis planning, and full paper assembly begin.

Predictable plans for individual researchers, academic labs, and institutions.

Start your next research project with CiteProof.

Turn your research question into a structured literature review whose cited claims link back to their sources, with human review at every major step.